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Can Philosophy Leave Metaphor Behind? Derrida and the Problem of Proper Meaning

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Introduction — A Question About Philosophical Language A metaphor can help us express an idea by making it more accessible or vivid. We generally assume that the figurative expression can be distinguished from the meaning it conveys, so that once the idea has been understood, the metaphor can be set aside without losing anything essential. Earlier discussions have approached this problem from different directions: Nietzsche questioned the relation between language and conceptual formation, Lakoff and Johnson examined how metaphors organize thought, and a preceding article explored what remains when a metaphor becomes a concept. In White Mythology , Jacques Derrida examines the assumptions underlying the distinction between figurative expression and conceptual meaning. The distinction between metaphorical expression and proper meaning rests on the premise  that philosophy can separate the two with some degree of certainty. Derrida examines this belief  through an imag...

What Happens When a Metaphor Becomes a Concept?

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Introduction Some philosophical terms become so familiar that we no longer notice the images they contain. We encounter them as established concepts, equipped with recognisable theoretical functions, without considering how an image might have helped make those functions intelligible. Constellation offers a revealing example. The word can designate a way of understanding relations among elements, yet it retains the image of stars whose arrangement allows us to perceive a figure. When the term enters philosophical discourse, does the image become dispensable, or does something of its organising force remain? The question concerns how concepts acquire their apparent solidity. Once a term becomes part of an established vocabulary, the processes that made its meaning intelligible can recede from view. We continue to use the concept even as the conditions that shaped it become less apparent. Examining this relationship may reveal how concepts direct thought and how familiar ways of u...