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Abstract This article examines Nietzsche’s critique of causality and metaphysical constructs, as outlined in Twilight of the Idols , focusing on the "Four Great Errors": confusing cause and effect, moral imperatives, false causality , and imaginary causes . These critiques subvert notions of origin and fixed truths, revealing their constructed and contingent nature. Parallels are drawn with Derrida’s deconstruction, particularly his interrogation of binaries such as cause/effect and origin/derivative. Both thinkers destabilize the concept of a fixed presence, highlighting the fluidity of meaning and foundations. This comparative analysis argues that Nietzsche’s genealogical critique anticipates the French philosopher’s approach, decentering established metaphysical hierarchies. Introduction Nietzsche’s Twilight of the Idols critiques foundational metaphysical concepts through his "Four Great Errors." He challenges assumptions like mistaking effects for causes...

Abstract This article explores the philosophical convergence between Nietzsche’s “there is nothing outside the whole” ( es gibt nichts außer dem Ganzen ) in Twilight of the Idols and Derrida’s “there is nothing outside the text” ( il n’y a pas de hors-texte ) in Of Grammatology . Both statements dismantle metaphysical frameworks by rejecting external origins or absolute truths and affirming systems as self-referential and interwoven. Nietzsche challenges the notion of divine or teleological causation, while Derrida critiques the idea of an independent "transcendental signified." By providing the intellectual background of these declarations and analyzing their shared themes, the article illuminates their joint significance in destabilizing Western philosophical traditions and revealing the immanent, dynamic nature of existence and meaning. Introduction The lines “there is nothing outside the whole” and “there is nothing outside the text” are cornerstones of Niet...

Introduction The intellectual legacy of Ferdinand de Saussure has profoundly shaped modern thought, particularly in the fields of linguistics and semiology. However, the philosophical trajectories of postmodernism, poststructuralism, and social constructivism, which emerged in the mid-20th century, reveal significant misinterpretations of Saussure's theories. These movements, which challenge the notion of objective truth and elevate narrative as a primary means of constructing reality, often draw on a flawed understanding of Saussure’s distinction between le langage and la langue . This article explores the philosophical missteps that arise from these misreadings, examining how they have contributed to a worldview where subjective narratives are often given precedence over empirical reality. The Inner Struggle of Ferdinand de Saussure Ferdinand de Saussure's arrival in Paris marked a promising start to his academic career, as he quickly became an influential figure in th...

                       mene, mene, tekel, parsin Introduction Ferdinand de Saussure’s Course in General Linguistics establishes key distinctions and frameworks that continue to influence the field. By focusing on the linguistic structure ( la langue ) and differentiating it from the external elements of language, Saussure sought to provide a clear object of study for linguistics, one that would encompass the diverse and multifaceted nature of language while remaining coherent and structured. His decision to exclude “writing” from his analysis, viewing it as an external element, has been a significant point of contention, particularly for Jacques Derrida in his Of Grammatology . Derrida's critique questions whether Saussure’s methodology inadvertently reinforced a speech-writing hierarchy, deeply rooted in Western thought, or if Derrida himself misinterpreted or oversimplified Saussure’s theoretical framework. This articl...